PD-L1 expression levels should be considered when identifying risk factors in NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab

Whether all patients with Central precocious puberty should be treated?

Extended Abstract   Precocious puberty is the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before 8 years old in girls and 9 years old in boys. Precocious puberty is divided into 3 groups of central, peripheral and normal variants. Central precocious puberty is accompanied by activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis which causes increase in secretion of GnRH, and in turn increase i...

Testosterone deficiency in patients with erectile dysfunction: when should a higher cardiovascular risk be considered?

INTRODUCTION Low testosterone levels (low T) increase the cardiovascular (CV) risk of men with erectile dysfunction (ED). T levels associated with a higher CV risk are unknown. AIM To determine the prevalence of CV risk factors associated with low T as defined by European Guidelines and their contribution to low T, overall and at different ages. METHODS Multicenter, cross-sectional, observa...

Staphylococcus lugdunensis; a pathogen that should be considered in Iran

Background: Staphylococcus lugdunensis is Gram-positive cocci of the staphylococcaceae family. S. lugdunensis despite having a clotting factor (wall coagulase), was classified in the coagulase negative staphylococcus group (CoNS) for lack of free coagulase. Although this bacterium is part of the human normal flora, in terms of virulence, S. lugdunensis is in second place after S. aureus. S. lug...

Over-Expression of Immunosuppressive Molecules, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in Ulcerative Colitis Patients

YAP regulates PD-L1 expression in human NSCLC cells

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a membrane protein on tumor cells that binds to the PD-1 receptor expressed on immune cells, leading to the immune escape of tumor cells. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a main effector of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, which plays important roles in cancer development. Here we show that YAP regulates PD-L1 expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (N...